Here are 20 short question–answers on the Indian Contract Act, 1872, designed for quick revision in judicial exams:
Short Q&A – Indian Contract Act, 1872
1. What is a contract?
Answer: An agreement enforceable by law (Section 2(h)).
2. What is an agreement?
Answer: Every promise and every set of promises forming consideration for each other (Section 2(e)).
3. What is a proposal (offer)?
Answer: When one person signifies willingness to do or abstain from doing something to obtain assent (Section 2(a)).
4. What is acceptance?
Answer: When the person to whom the proposal is made signifies assent (Section 2(b)).
5. What is consideration?
Answer: Something in return for a promise (Section 2(d)).
6. What are the essentials of a valid contract?
Answer: Offer, acceptance, lawful consideration, capacity, free consent, lawful object.
7. Who are competent to contract?
Answer: Persons who are major, of sound mind, and not disqualified by law (Section 11).
8. What is free consent?
Answer: Consent not caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake (Section 14).
9. What is coercion?
Answer: Committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by law to force agreement (Section 15).
10. What is undue influence?
Answer: When one party dominates the will of another to gain unfair advantage (Section 16).
11. What is fraud?
Answer: Intentional deception to induce another party into a contract (Section 17).
12. What is misrepresentation?
Answer: False statement made without intent to deceive (Section 18).
13. What is a void agreement?
Answer: An agreement not enforceable by law (Section 2(g)).
14. What is a voidable contract?
Answer: A contract enforceable at the option of one party (Section 2(i)).
15. What is an illegal agreement?
Answer: An agreement forbidden by law and not enforceable.
16. What is a contingent contract?
Answer: A contract dependent on the happening or non-happening of an uncertain event (Section 31).
17. What is quasi-contract?
Answer: Obligation imposed by law to prevent unjust enrichment.
18. What is discharge of contract?
Answer: Termination of contractual obligations.
19. What is breach of contract?
Answer: Failure to perform contractual obligations.
20. What are remedies for breach of contract?
Answer: Damages, specific performance, injunction.
🎯 Tip for Exams:
Focus on Section 2 definitions + Sections 10–30 + case laws—these are frequently asked in WBJS and other judicial exams.